Here is the content reformatted using the provided guidelines:

Career Identity: An Exploration of Fundamental Axes

Introduction

Career identity, a concept at the intersection of psychology, sociology, and educational sciences, goes beyond the simple notion of a professional path. It refers to a dynamic construct shaped by experiences, social contexts, and personal representations. This article offers an in-depth, multidimensional analysis of the concept through eight axes:

1. Definition and Nature of Career Identity

Career identity is understood as the way an individual defines and represents themselves through their professional path. According to Fugate, Kinicki & Ashforth (2004), it is a longitudinal process integrating a person's past, present, and future professional life (Reese, 2016, p. 28).

It shares similarities with other forms of identity, such as role or organizational identity, but is distinguished by its deeply reflective and evolving nature. It influences work-related behaviors, motivation, career decisions, and the management of transitions (Simosi et al., 2015, p. 135). Career identity can act as an internal compass, contributing to psychological stability in times of professional uncertainty.

2. Psychology of Identity Development

Erikson (1950) places identity development at the heart of adolescence, a critical moment of self-discovery. Marcia (1966) expands on this perspective through four identity statuses:

• Diffusion: lack of exploration and commitment

• Foreclosure: commitment without exploration

• Moratorium: exploration without commitment

• Identity Achievement: commitment after exploration (Batool & Ghayas, 2020, p. 2)

This model illustrates the different phases of career identity formation. It helps to understand the diversity of paths and anticipate psychological support needs. A well-established career identity strengthens professional maturity, adaptability, and job satisfaction (Marcus, 2017, p. 44).

3. Social and Cultural Influences

Career identity is not built in isolation. It is influenced by numerous social factors, such as:

• Socioeconomic status (SES)

• Parental roles and family structure

• School environment

• Cultural norms and social values (Batool & Ghayas, 2020, p. 2)

Enculturation, according to Brewer (2018, p. 56), refers to the internalization of codes, expectations, and behaviors expected in a professional domain. Interactions with school, family, and peers shape an individual's perception of their professional possibilities and influence career choices.

4. Identity, Transitions, and Career Evolution

Career identity is not static: it evolves according to life stages and professional transitions. According to Ibarra (1999), individuals adapt by observing role models, experimenting with provisional selves, and conducting retrospective evaluations.

Transition periods—job loss, career change, retirement—are critical moments of identity redefinition (Reese, 2016, p. 29). They require introspection, resilience, and sometimes psychological support to maintain coherence in professional identity.

5. Role of Support and Guidance

The subjectivity inherent in career identity makes constructivist and narrative approaches particularly relevant. Cochran (1997) and Savickas (2011b) advocate a method based on self-narration and the search for meaning.

The career counselor thus becomes a facilitator of identity development, mobilizing life stories, values, and deep aspirations. They help articulate a career path that aligns with personal identity ("The Future of Career", 2000, p. 74).

6. Belonging, Recognition, and Social Identity

Career identity also relies on social recognition. It is built through a dual process:

• Self-attribution (projected identity)

• Attribution by others (perceived identity) (Brewer, 2018, p. 90)

Identity capital (Brewer, 2018, p. 57) refers to the set of academic, personal, and relational resources that can be mobilized to affirm career identity. This external recognition directly influences motivation, self-esteem, and career prospects.

7. Career as Vocation, Meaning, and Well-being

For some individuals, a career takes on a vocational dimension. Duffy & Dik (2013) define a "calling" through three elements:

• An external summons

• A deep and personal sense of meaning

• Prosocial motivation (Reese, 2016, p. 2)

When aligned with personal values, career identity contributes to psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Conversely, unemployment or professional mismatch can lead to identity disorientation and distress (Marcus, 2017, p. 120).

8. New Paradigms of Work

The contemporary professional context is characterized by instability, globalization, digitalization, and the disappearance of linear career paths. This requires continuous redefinition of career identity ("The Future of Career", 2000, p. 21).

Neimeyer (1995) emphasizes the need for individuals to see themselves as active agents, capable of self-organization and projection. Identity flexibility becomes an essential skill for navigating uncertain work environments.

---

Bibliography (document excerpts)

• Batool, A., & Ghayas, S. (2020)

• Brewer, M. (2018)

• Cochran, L. (1997)

• Duffy, R. D., & Dik, B. J. (2013)

• Erikson, E. (1950)

• Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004)

• Ibarra, H. (1999)

• Marcus, P. (2017)

• Marcia, J. E. (1966)

• Neimeyer, R. (1995)

• Reese, R. (2016)

• Savickas, M. L. (2011b)

• Simosi, M., et al. (2015)

• "The Future of Career" (2000)